# Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
"""VGG16 benchmark in TensorFlow"""
import tensorflow as tf
import paddle.v2 as paddle
import numpy as np
import argparse
import time
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__)
parser.add_argument(
'--batch_size', type=int, default=128, help="Batch size for training.")
parser.add_argument(
'--skip_batch_num',
type=int,
default=5,
help='The first num of minibatch num to skip, for better performance test')
parser.add_argument(
'--iterations', type=int, default=80, help='The number of minibatches.')
parser.add_argument(
'--learning_rate',
type=float,
default=1e-3,
help="Learning rate for training.")
parser.add_argument('--num_passes', type=int, default=50, help="No. of passes.")
parser.add_argument(
'--device',
type=str,
default='GPU',
choices=['CPU', 'GPU'],
help="The device type.")
parser.add_argument(
'--data_format',
type=str,
default='NHWC',
choices=['NCHW', 'NHWC'],
help='The data order, NCHW=[batch, channels, height, width].'
'Only support NHWC right now.')
parser.add_argument(
'--data_set',
type=str,
default='cifar10',
choices=['cifar10', 'flowers'],
help='Optional dataset for benchmark.')
args = parser.parse_args()
class VGG16Model(object):
def __init__(self):
self.parameters = []
def batch_norm_relu(self, inputs, is_training):
"""Performs a batch normalization followed by a ReLU."""
# We set fused=True for a significant speed boost. See
# https://www.tensorflow.org/speed/speed_guide#common_fused_ops
inputs = tf.layers.batch_normalization(
inputs=inputs,
axis=1 if args.data_format == 'NCHW' else -1,
momentum=0.9,
epsilon=1e-05,
center=True,
scale=True,
training=is_training,
fused=True)
inputs = tf.nn.relu(inputs)
return inputs
def conv_bn_layer(self,
name,
images,
kernel_shape,
is_training,
drop_rate=0.0):
with tf.name_scope(name) as scope:
kernel = tf.Variable(
tf.truncated_normal(
kernel_shape, dtype=tf.float32, stddev=1e-1),
name='weights')
conv = tf.nn.conv2d(
images,
kernel, [1, 1, 1, 1],
data_format=args.data_format,
padding='SAME')
biases = tf.Variable(
tf.constant(
0.0, shape=[kernel_shape[-1]], dtype=tf.float32),
trainable=True,
name='biases')
out = tf.nn.bias_add(conv, biases)
out = self.batch_norm_relu(out, is_training)
out = tf.layers.dropout(out, rate=drop_rate, training=is_training)
return out
def fc_layer(self, name, inputs, shape):
with tf.name_scope(name) as scope:
fc_w = tf.Variable(
tf.truncated_normal(
shape, dtype=tf.float32, stddev=1e-1),
name='weights')
fc_b = tf.Variable(
tf.constant(
0.0, shape=[shape[-1]], dtype=tf.float32),
trainable=True,
name='biases')
out = tf.nn.bias_add(tf.matmul(inputs, fc_w), fc_b)
return out
def network(self, images, class_dim, is_training):
""" VGG16 model structure.
TODO(kuke): enable this network to support the 'NCHW' data format
"""
# conv1
conv1_1 = self.conv_bn_layer(
'conv1_1', images, [3, 3, 3, 64], is_training, drop_rate=0.3)
conv1_2 = self.conv_bn_layer(
'conv1_2', conv1_1, [3, 3, 64, 64], is_training, drop_rate=0.0)
# pool1
pool1 = tf.nn.max_pool(
conv1_2,
ksize=[1, 2, 2, 1],
strides=[1, 2, 2, 1],
padding='SAME',
name='pool1')
# conv2
conv2_1 = self.conv_bn_layer(
'conv2_1', pool1, [3, 3, 64, 128], is_training, drop_rate=0.4)
conv2_2 = self.conv_bn_layer(
'conv2_2', conv2_1, [3, 3, 128, 128], is_training, drop_rate=0.0)
# pool2
pool2 = tf.nn.max_pool(
conv2_2,
ksize=[1, 2, 2, 1],
strides=[1, 2, 2, 1],
padding='SAME',
name='pool2')
# conv3
conv3_1 = self.conv_bn_layer(
'conv3_1', pool2, [3, 3, 128, 256], is_training, drop_rate=0.4)
conv3_2 = self.conv_bn_layer(
'conv3_2', conv3_1, [3, 3, 256, 256], is_training, drop_rate=0.4)
conv3_3 = self.conv_bn_layer(
'conv3_3', conv3_2, [3, 3, 256, 256], is_training, drop_rate=0.0)
# pool3
pool3 = tf.nn.max_pool(
conv3_3,
ksize=[1, 2, 2, 1],
strides=[1, 2, 2, 1],
padding='SAME',
name='pool3')
# conv4
conv4_1 = self.conv_bn_layer(
'conv4_1', pool3, [3, 3, 256, 512], is_training, drop_rate=0.4)
conv4_2 = self.conv_bn_layer(
'conv4_2', conv4_1, [3, 3, 512, 512], is_training, drop_rate=0.4)
conv4_3 = self.conv_bn_layer(
'conv4_3', conv4_2, [3, 3, 512, 512], is_training, drop_rate=0.0)
# pool4
pool4 = tf.nn.max_pool(
conv4_3,
ksize=[1, 2, 2, 1],
strides=[1, 2, 2, 1],
padding='SAME',
name='pool4')
# conv5
conv5_1 = self.conv_bn_layer(
'conv5_1', pool4, [3, 3, 512, 512], is_training, drop_rate=0.4)
conv5_2 = self.conv_bn_layer(
'conv5_2', conv5_1, [3, 3, 512, 512], is_training, drop_rate=0.4)
conv5_3 = self.conv_bn_layer(
'conv5_3', conv5_2, [3, 3, 512, 512], is_training, drop_rate=0.0)
# pool5
pool5 = tf.nn.max_pool(
conv5_3,
ksize=[1, 2, 2, 1],
strides=[1, 2, 2, 1],
padding='SAME',
name='pool4')
# flatten
shape = int(np.prod(pool5.get_shape()[1:]))
pool5_flat = tf.reshape(pool5, [-1, shape])
# fc1
drop = tf.layers.dropout(pool5_flat, rate=0.5, training=is_training)
fc1 = self.fc_layer('fc1', drop, [shape, 512])
# fc2
bn = self.batch_norm_relu(fc1, is_training)
drop = tf.layers.dropout(bn, rate=0.5, training=is_training)
fc2 = self.fc_layer('fc2', drop, [512, 512])
fc3 = self.fc_layer('fc3', fc2, [512, class_dim])
return fc3
def run_benchmark():
"""Run benchmark on cifar10 or flowers."""
if args.data_set == "cifar10":
class_dim = 10
raw_shape = (3, 32, 32)
dat_shape = (None, 32, 32, 3) if args.data_format == 'NHWC' else (
None, 3, 32, 32)
else:
class_dim = 102
raw_shape = (3, 224, 224)
dat_shape = (None, 224, 224, 3) if args.data_format == 'NHWC' else (
None, 3, 224, 224)
device = '/cpu:0' if args.device == 'CPU' else '/device:GPU:0'
with tf.device(device):
images = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, shape=dat_shape)
labels = tf.placeholder(tf.int64, shape=(None, ))
is_training = tf.placeholder('bool')
onehot_labels = tf.one_hot(labels, depth=class_dim)
vgg16 = VGG16Model()
logits = vgg16.network(images, class_dim, is_training)
loss = tf.losses.softmax_cross_entropy(
onehot_labels=onehot_labels, logits=logits)
avg_loss = tf.reduce_mean(loss)
correct = tf.equal(tf.argmax(logits, 1), labels)
accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(correct, tf.float32))
optimizer = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(learning_rate=args.learning_rate)
update_ops = tf.get_collection(tf.GraphKeys.UPDATE_OPS)
with tf.control_dependencies(update_ops):
train_op = optimizer.minimize(avg_loss)
# data reader
train_reader = paddle.batch(
paddle.reader.shuffle(
paddle.dataset.cifar.train10()
if args.data_set == 'cifar10' else paddle.dataset.flowers.train(),
buf_size=5120),
batch_size=args.batch_size)
test_reader = paddle.batch(
paddle.reader.shuffle(
paddle.dataset.cifar.test10()
if args.data_set == 'cifar10' else paddle.dataset.flowers.test(),
buf_size=5120),
batch_size=args.batch_size)
# test
def test():
test_accs = []
for batch_id, data in enumerate(test_reader()):
test_images = np.array(
map(lambda x: np.transpose(x[0].reshape(raw_shape),
axes=[1, 2, 0]) if args.data_format == 'NHWC' else x[0], data)).astype("float32")
test_labels = np.array(map(lambda x: x[1], data)).astype('int64')
test_accs.append(
accuracy.eval(feed_dict={
images: test_images,
labels: test_labels,
is_training: False
}))
return np.mean(test_accs)
config = tf.ConfigProto(
intra_op_parallelism_threads=1, inter_op_parallelism_threads=1)
config.gpu_options.allow_growth = True
with tf.Session(config=config) as sess:
init_g = tf.global_variables_initializer()
init_l = tf.local_variables_initializer()
sess.run(init_g)
sess.run(init_l)
iters, num_samples, start_time = 0, 0, time.time()
for pass_id in range(args.num_passes):
# train
num_samples = 0
start_time = time.time()
for batch_id, data in enumerate(train_reader()):
if iters == args.skip_batch_num:
start_time = time.time()
num_samples = 0
if iters == args.iterations:
break
train_images = np.array(
map(lambda x: np.transpose(x[0].reshape(raw_shape),
axes=[1, 2, 0]) if args.data_format == 'NHWC' else x[0], data)).astype("float32")
train_labels = np.array(map(lambda x: x[1], data)).astype(
'int64')
_, loss, acc = sess.run([train_op, avg_loss, accuracy],
feed_dict={
images: train_images,
labels: train_labels,
is_training: True
})
iters += 1
num_samples += len(data)
print("Pass = %d, Iters = %d, Loss = %f, Accuracy = %f" %
(pass_id, iters, loss, acc))
train_elapsed = time.time() - start_time
# test
pass_test_acc = test()
print("Pass = %d, Train speed = %f imgs/s, Test accuracy = %f\n" %
(pass_id, num_samples / train_elapsed, pass_test_acc))
def print_arguments():
print('----------- Configuration Arguments -----------')
for arg, value in sorted(vars(args).iteritems()):
print('%s: %s' % (arg, value))
print('------------------------------------------------')
if __name__ == '__main__':
print_arguments()
run_benchmark()