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Paddle/python/paddle/fluid/dygraph_grad_clip.py

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8.2 KiB

# Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
from __future__ import print_function
import copy
import six
import functools
from . import layers
from . import framework
from . import core
from .dygraph import base as imperative_base
__all__ = [
'GradClipByValue',
'GradClipByNorm',
'GradClipByGlobalNorm',
]
class GradClipBase(object):
def __str__(self):
raise NotImplementedError()
def _clip(self, para_and_grad):
raise NotImplementedError
@imperative_base.no_grad
def __call__(self, para_and_grad):
return self._clip(para_and_grad)
class GradClipByValue(GradClipBase):
"""
Clips gradient values to the range [min_value, max_value].
Given a gradient g, this operation clips its value to min_value and max_value.
- Any values less than min_value are set to min_value.
- Any values greater than max_value are set to max_value.
Args:
max_value (float): The maximum value to clip by.
min (float, optional): The minimum value to clip by. if not set by user, \
will be set to -max_value(max_value MUST be postive) by framework.
Examples:
.. code-block:: python
import numpy as np
import paddle
import paddle.fluid as fluid
from paddle.fluid.dygraph.base import to_variable
from paddle.fluid.dygraph.nn import FC
from paddle.fluid.clip import GradClipByValue, GradClipByNorm, GradClipByGlobalNorm
from paddle.fluid.optimizer import SGDOptimizer
with fluid.dygraph.guard():
value_clip = GradClipByValue( -1.0, 1.0 )
sgd = SGDOptimizer(learning_rate=1.0)
init_value = np.random.uniform( -1, 1, (10, 10)).astype('float32')
fc = FC( "fc", 10)
out = fc( to_variable(init_value) )
loss = fluid.layers.reduce_mean( out )
loss.backward()
sgd.minimize(loss, grad_clip = value_clip)
"""
@imperative_base.no_grad
def __init__(self, min_value, max_value=None):
if min_value is None:
assert (max_value > 0.0)
min_value = -max_value
else:
min_value = float(min_value)
self.max_value = max_value
self.min_value = min_value
def __str__(self):
return "ClipByValue, min = %f, max=%f" % (self.min_value,
self.max_value)
def _clip(self, para_and_grad):
out = []
for p, g in para_and_grad:
if g is None:
out.append((p, g))
continue
new_grad = layers.clip(x=g, min=self.min_value, max=self.max_value)
out.append((p, new_grad))
return out
class GradClipByNorm(GradClipBase):
"""
Clips tensor values to a maximum L2-norm.
This operator limits the L2 norm of the input :math:`X` within :math:`max\_norm`.
If the L2 norm of :math:`X` is less than or equal to :math:`max\_norm`, :math:`Out`
will be the same as :math:`X`. If the L2 norm of :math:`X` is greater than
:math:`max\_norm`, :math:`X` will be linearly scaled to make the L2 norm of
:math:`Out` equal to :math:`max\_norm`, as shown in the following formula:
.. math::
Out = \\frac{max\_norm * X}{norm(X)},
where :math:`norm(X)` represents the L2 norm of :math:`X`.
Args:
clip_norm (float): The maximum norm value
Examples:
.. code-block:: python
import numpy as np
import paddle
import paddle.fluid as fluid
from paddle.fluid.dygraph.base import to_variable
from paddle.fluid.dygraph.nn import FC
from paddle.fluid.clip import GradClipByValue, GradClipByNorm, GradClipByGlobalNorm
from paddle.fluid.optimizer import SGDOptimizer
with fluid.dygraph.guard():
norm_clip = GradClipByNorm( 5.0 )
sgd = SGDOptimizer(learning_rate=1.0)
init_value = np.random.uniform( -1, 1, (10, 10)).astype('float32')
fc = FC( "fc", 10)
out = fc( to_variable(init_value) )
loss = fluid.layers.reduce_mean( out )
loss.backward()
sgd.minimize(loss, grad_clip = norm_clip)
"""
@imperative_base.no_grad
def __init__(self, clip_norm):
self.clip_norm = clip_norm
def __str__(self):
return "ClipByNorm, clip_norm=%f" % self.clip_norm
def _clip(self, para_and_grad):
out = []
for p, g in para_and_grad:
if g is None:
out.append((p, g))
continue
new_g = layers.clip_by_norm(x=g, max_norm=self.clip_norm)
out.append((p, new_g))
return out
class GradClipByGlobalNorm(GradClipBase):
"""
Clips values of multiple tensors by the ratio of the sum of their norms.
Given a list of tensors t_list, and a clipping ratio clip_norm, this
operation returns a list of clipped tensors list_clipped and the global
norm (global_norm) of all tensors in t_list.
To perform the clipping, the values :math:`t\_list[i]` are set to:
.. math::
t\_list[i] = t\_list[i] * \\frac{clip\_norm}{\max(global\_norm, clip\_norm)}
where:
.. math::
global\_norm = \sqrt{\sum_{i=0}^{N-1}(l2norm(t\_list[i]))^2}
If :math:`clip\_norm > global\_norm` then the entries in t_list remain as they are,
otherwise they're all shrunk by the global ratio.
Args:
clip_norm (float): The maximum norm value
group_name (str, optional): The group name for this clip.
Examples:
.. code-block:: python
import numpy as np
import paddle
import paddle.fluid as fluid
from paddle.fluid.dygraph.base import to_variable
from paddle.fluid.dygraph.nn import FC
from paddle.fluid.clip import GradClipByValue, GradClipByNorm, GradClipByGlobalNorm
from paddle.fluid.optimizer import SGDOptimizer
with fluid.dygraph.guard():
gloabl_norm_clip = GradClipByGlobalNorm( 5.0 )
sgd = SGDOptimizer(learning_rate=1.0)
init_value = np.random.uniform( -1, 1, (10, 10)).astype('float32')
fc = FC( "fc", 10)
out = fc( to_variable(init_value) )
loss = fluid.layers.reduce_mean( out )
loss.backward()
sgd.minimize(loss, grad_clip = gloabl_norm_clip)
"""
@imperative_base.no_grad
def __init__(self, max_global_norm):
self.max_global_norm = layers.fill_constant(
shape=[1], dtype='float32', value=max_global_norm)
def __str__(self):
return "ClipByGlobalNorm, max_global_norm=%f" % (self.max_global_norm)
def _clip(self, para_and_grad):
out = []
norm_arr = []
for p, g in para_and_grad:
if g is None:
continue
power = layers.square(g)
sum_t = layers.reduce_sum(power)
norm_arr.append(sum_t)
norm_global = layers.concat(norm_arr)
norm_global = layers.reduce_sum(norm_global)
norm_global = layers.sqrt(norm_global)
clip_scale = layers.elementwise_div(
x=self.max_global_norm,
y=layers.elementwise_max(
x=norm_global, y=self.max_global_norm))
for p, g in para_and_grad:
if g is None:
out.append((p, g))
continue
new_grad = g * clip_scale
out.append((p, new_grad))
return out