feature/while_grad_op (#5554)

* first commit

* Python API for while op

* Python Unittest for simple while_op forward

* fix out to be list

* Fix UT

* VarType

* Fix several bugs

* Fix bug

* Fix bug

* Fix Bug

* Fix bug

* Fix unittest

* Remove debug log

* Add comments

* add PADDLE_ENFORCE

* while_grad_op first commit

* Add `BlockDescBind::FindRecursiveOrCreateVar()` and fix bugs

* not sure how to setdim of while outputs

* push for test

* add executor vlog

* fix bug of while_op cond

* Several enhancement for code

1. Backward always infer shape & infer var type. Since there are RENAME
variables will be created when creating backward operator, but their
shape & var types are not inferenced.
2. Never use SomePtr-> directly, since every pointer could be nullptr if
it is a function return value. Add `detail::Ref` to cast pointer to
reference safely.
3. Enhance error message for backward.
4. Infer data type of variable in `sum` and `tensor_write`

* Fix bugs of while_op gradient

* Fix several bugs of while_op grad

* fix fill zeros like

* fix 3 >= 3

* fix place holder shouldn't be null

* fail on sum op

* Fix SumOp of TensorList

* clean up

* pass while test

* fix test_array_write_read

* pass sum op

* Support int/int64 for fill_constant_batch_size_like

* Fix compile

paddle/framework/backward.cc

@@ -270,6 +270,19 @@ static bool AllGradInSet(const std::vector<std::string>& names,
       return false;
     }
   }
+  if (VLOG_IS_ON(10)) {
+    std::ostringstream sout;
+    sout << "All input {";
+    for (auto& name : names) {
+      sout << name << ",";
+    }
+    sout << "} is in {";
+    for (auto& name : set) {
+      sout << name << ",";
+    }
+    sout << "}";
+    VLOG(10) << sout.str();
+  }
   return true;
 }
 
@@ -290,14 +303,12 @@ static void CreateGradVarInBlock(
   auto ops = block_desc->AllOps();
   for (size_t op_index = grad_op_start_index; op_index < ops.size();
        ++op_index) {
-    bool need_infer_shape = false;
     std::unordered_set<std::string> new_vars;
     ForEachVarName(ops[op_index]->Outputs(),
                    [&](const std::string& grad_var_name) {
                      if (block_desc->HasVar(grad_var_name)) {
                        return false;
                      }
-                     need_infer_shape = true;
                      auto var = block_desc->Var(grad_var_name);
                      new_vars.insert(var->Name());
                      auto it = param_name_map.find(grad_var_name);
@@ -311,7 +322,6 @@ static void CreateGradVarInBlock(
                      grad_record.op_idx_ = static_cast<int>(op_index);
                      return false; /* not break */
                    });
-    if (need_infer_shape) {
     ops[op_index]->InferVarType(block_desc);
     for (auto& arg : ops[op_index]->OutputArgumentNames()) {
       if (new_vars.find(arg) == new_vars.end()) {
@@ -329,7 +339,6 @@ static void CreateGradVarInBlock(
     ops[op_index]->InferShape(*block_desc);
   }
 }
-}
 
 std::vector<std::unique_ptr<OpDescBind>> MakeOpGrad(
     const OpDescBind* op_desc, std::unordered_set<std::string>* no_grad_vars,
@@ -387,6 +396,7 @@ std::vector<std::unique_ptr<OpDescBind>> MakeBlockBackward(
     ProgramDescBind& program_desc, int block_idx,
     std::unordered_set<std::string>* no_grad_vars,
     std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string>* grad_to_var) {
+  VLOG(5) << "MakeBlockBackward";
   BlockDescBind* cur_block = program_desc.MutableBlock(block_idx);
   std::vector<OpDescBind*> op_descs = cur_block->AllOps();
   std::unordered_map<std::string, std::vector<size_t>> dup_out_ops;
@@ -394,9 +404,10 @@ std::vector<std::unique_ptr<OpDescBind>> MakeBlockBackward(
   std::vector<std::unique_ptr<OpDescBind>> backward_descs;
 
   for (auto it = op_descs.rbegin(); it != op_descs.rend(); ++it) {
+    VLOG(5) << "Making backward " << (*it)->Type() << " op";
     std::vector<std::unique_ptr<OpDescBind>> op_grads;
 
-    if ((*it)->Type() == "recurrent") {
+    if ((*it)->Type() == "recurrent" || (*it)->Type() == "while") {
       int step_block_idx = (*it)->GetBlockAttr("step_block");
       BlockDescBind* backward_block = CreateStepBlock(
           program_desc, no_grad_vars, grad_to_var, step_block_idx);
@@ -410,6 +421,15 @@ std::vector<std::unique_ptr<OpDescBind>> MakeBlockBackward(
       op_grads = MakeOpGrad(*it, no_grad_vars, grad_to_var);
     }
 
+    if (VLOG_IS_ON(10)) {
+      std::ostringstream sout;
+      sout << "Made ";
+      for (auto& op_grad : op_grads) {
+        sout << op_grad->Type() << " ";
+      }
+      VLOG(10) << sout.str();
+    }
+
     for (const auto& desc : op_grads) {
       for (const std::string& out_name : desc->OutputArgumentNames()) {
         if (out_name.find("@GRAD") == std::string::npos) {
@@ -425,6 +445,8 @@ std::vector<std::unique_ptr<OpDescBind>> MakeBlockBackward(
         op_grads.begin(), op_grads.end(), std::back_inserter(backward_descs),
         [](std::unique_ptr<OpDescBind>& ptr) { return std::move(ptr); });
   }
+
+  VLOG(5) << "Appending Sums";
   // Check whether some variables are written more than once
   std::list<std::pair<size_t, std::unique_ptr<OpDescBind>>> pending_sum_ops;
   for (const auto& dup : dup_out_ops) {
@@ -432,16 +454,22 @@ std::vector<std::unique_ptr<OpDescBind>> MakeBlockBackward(
     const std::vector<size_t> dup_op = dup.second;
     if (out_name != kEmptyVarName && dup_op.size() > 1) {
       std::vector<std::string> sum_op_inputs;
+      std::string next_g_name = out_name;
       for (size_t i = 0; i < dup_op.size(); ++i) {
+        VLOG(10) << backward_descs[dup_op[i]]->Type() << " has " << out_name
+                 << " duplicated";
         std::string new_name = out_name + "@RENAME@" + std::to_string(i);
-        backward_descs[dup_op[i]]->Rename(out_name, new_name);
+        backward_descs[dup_op[i]]->RenameOutput(out_name, new_name);
+        backward_descs[dup_op[i]]->RenameInput(out_name, next_g_name);
         sum_op_inputs.emplace_back(new_name);
+        next_g_name = sum_op_inputs.back();
       }
       std::unique_ptr<OpDescBind> sum_op(new OpDescBind(
           "sum", {{"X", sum_op_inputs}}, {{"Out", {out_name}}}, {}));
       pending_sum_ops.push_back({dup_op.back(), std::move(sum_op)});
     }
   }
+
   pending_sum_ops.sort(
       [](const std::pair<size_t, std::unique_ptr<OpDescBind>>& a,
          const std::pair<size_t, std::unique_ptr<OpDescBind>>& b) {
@@ -452,6 +480,8 @@ std::vector<std::unique_ptr<OpDescBind>> MakeBlockBackward(
                           std::move(p.second));
   }
 
+  VLOG(5) << "MakeBlockBackward Finished";
+
   return backward_descs;
 }
 

paddle/framework/data_type.h

@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@ inline DataType ToDataType(std::type_index type) {
     return DataType::INT32;
   } else if (typeid(int64_t).hash_code() == type.hash_code()) {
     return DataType::INT64;
+  } else if (typeid(bool).hash_code() == type.hash_code()) {
+    return DataType::BOOL;
   } else {
     PADDLE_THROW("Not supported");
   }

paddle/framework/ddim.cc

@@ -60,8 +60,7 @@ void make_ddim(DDim& ddim, const int64_t* dims, int n) {
       ddim = make_dim<9>(dims);
       break;
     default:
-      throw std::invalid_argument(
+      PADDLE_THROW("Dynamic dimensions must have between [1, 9] dimensions.");
-          "Dynamic dimensions must have between [1, 9] dimensions.");
   }
 }
 

paddle/framework/executor.cc

@@ -120,6 +120,7 @@ void Executor::Run(const ProgramDescBind& pdesc, Scope* scope, int block_id,
 
   for (auto& op_desc : block.AllOps()) {
     auto op = paddle::framework::OpRegistry::CreateOp(*op_desc);
+    VLOG(10) << op->DebugString();
     op->Run(*local_scope, *device);
   }
   if (create_local_scope) {

paddle/framework/op_desc.cc

@@ -235,6 +235,23 @@ void OpDescBind::Rename(const std::string &old_name,
   need_update_ = true;
 }
 
+void OpDescBind::RenameOutput(const std::string &old_name,
+                              const std::string &new_name) {
+  for (auto &output : outputs_) {
+    std::replace(output.second.begin(), output.second.end(), old_name,
+                 new_name);
+  }
+  need_update_ = true;
+}
+
+void OpDescBind::RenameInput(const std::string &old_name,
+                             const std::string &new_name) {
+  for (auto &input : inputs_) {
+    std::replace(input.second.begin(), input.second.end(), old_name, new_name);
+  }
+  need_update_ = true;
+}
+
 struct SetAttrDescVisitor : public boost::static_visitor<void> {
   explicit SetAttrDescVisitor(OpDesc::Attr *attr) : attr_(attr) {}
   mutable OpDesc::Attr *attr_;
@@ -448,7 +465,12 @@ const std::vector<std::string> &CompileTimeInferShapeContext::Outputs(
 DDim CompileTimeInferShapeContext::GetDim(const std::string &name) const {
   auto var = block_.FindVarRecursive(name);
   PADDLE_ENFORCE(var != nullptr, "Cannot find variable %s", name);
+  try {
     return framework::make_ddim(var->Shape());
+  } catch (...) {
+    VLOG(5) << "GetDim of variable " << name << " error";
+    std::rethrow_exception(std::current_exception());
+  }
 }
 
 void CompileTimeInferShapeContext::SetDim(const std::string &name,

paddle/framework/op_desc.h

@@ -73,6 +73,10 @@ class OpDescBind {
 
   void Rename(const std::string &old_name, const std::string &new_name);
 
+  void RenameOutput(const std::string &old_name, const std::string &new_name);
+
+  void RenameInput(const std::string &old_name, const std::string &new_name);
+
   // Only be used in C++
   const AttributeMap &GetAttrMap() const;
 

paddle/framework/operator.cc

@@ -403,19 +403,6 @@ class RuntimeInferShapeContext : public InferShapeContext {
 
 void OperatorWithKernel::Run(const Scope& scope,
                              const platform::DeviceContext& dev_ctx) const {
-  if (VLOG_IS_ON(1)) {
-    auto inputs = this->InputVars();
-    auto outputs = this->OutputVars(true);
-    std::ostringstream sout;
-    sout << "Run operator " << this->Type() << " From [";
-    std::ostream_iterator<std::string> out_it(sout, ",");
-    std::copy(inputs.begin(), inputs.end(), out_it);
-    sout << "] to [";
-    std::copy(outputs.begin(), outputs.end(), out_it);
-    sout << "]";
-    VLOG(1) << sout.str();
-  }
-
   RuntimeInferShapeContext infer_shape_ctx(*this, scope);
   this->InferShape(&infer_shape_ctx);
 

paddle/framework/scope.cc

@@ -38,11 +38,12 @@ Scope& Scope::NewScope() const {
 Variable* Scope::Var(const std::string& name) {
   auto iter = vars_.find(name);
   if (iter != vars_.end()) {
+    VLOG(3) << "Get existing variable " << name;
     return iter->second;
   }
   Variable* v = new Variable();
   vars_[name] = v;
-  VLOG(3) << "Create variable " << name << " on scope";
+  VLOG(3) << "Create variable " << name;
   v->name_ = &(vars_.find(name)->first);
   return v;
 }

paddle/framework/shape_inference.h

@@ -53,6 +53,10 @@ class InferShapeContext {
 
   virtual bool IsRuntime() const = 0;
 
+  // Note: In while op, we need this to be public
+  void SetDims(const std::vector<std::string> &names,
+               const std::vector<framework::DDim> &dims);
+
  protected:
   virtual framework::DDim GetDim(const std::string &name) const = 0;
   virtual void SetDim(const std::string &name, const framework::DDim &dim) = 0;
@@ -60,9 +64,6 @@ class InferShapeContext {
   std::vector<framework::DDim> GetDims(
       const std::vector<std::string> &names) const;
 
-  void SetDims(const std::vector<std::string> &names,
-               const std::vector<framework::DDim> &dims);
-
   std::vector<VarDesc::VarType> GetVarTypes(
       const std::vector<std::string> &names) const;
 

paddle/operators/array_operator.h

@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ class ArrayOp : public framework::OperatorBase {
     } else {
       offset = static_cast<size_t>(*i_tensor.data<int64_t>());
     }
+    VLOG(10) << " Offset = " << offset;
     return offset;
   }
 };

paddle/operators/detail/safe_ref.h

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/* Copyright (c) 2016 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License. */
+
+#pragma once
+
+namespace paddle {
+namespace operators {
+namespace detail {
+/**
+ * Get Reference From Pointer with check. The error message is printf format,
+ * and passed by `args`
+ */
+template <typename T, typename... ARGS>
+inline T &Ref(T *ptr, ARGS &&... args) {
+  PADDLE_ENFORCE(ptr != nullptr, args...);
+  return *ptr;
+}
+}  // namespace detail
+}  // namespace operators
+}  // namespace paddle

paddle/operators/fill_constant_batch_size_like_op.cc

@@ -101,4 +101,7 @@ REGISTER_OPERATOR(fill_constant_batch_size_like,
 REGISTER_OP_CPU_KERNEL(
     fill_constant_batch_size_like,
     ops::FillConstantBatchSizeLikeOpKernel<paddle::platform::CPUPlace, float>,
-    ops::FillConstantBatchSizeLikeOpKernel<paddle::platform::CPUPlace, double>);
+    ops::FillConstantBatchSizeLikeOpKernel<paddle::platform::CPUPlace, double>,
+    ops::FillConstantBatchSizeLikeOpKernel<paddle::platform::CPUPlace, int>,
+    ops::FillConstantBatchSizeLikeOpKernel<paddle::platform::CPUPlace,
+                                           int64_t>);

paddle/operators/fill_constant_batch_size_like_op.cu.cc

@@ -19,4 +19,7 @@ namespace ops = paddle::operators;
 REGISTER_OP_GPU_KERNEL(
     fill_constant_batch_size_like,
     ops::FillConstantBatchSizeLikeOpKernel<paddle::platform::GPUPlace, float>,
-    ops::FillConstantBatchSizeLikeOpKernel<paddle::platform::GPUPlace, double>);
+    ops::FillConstantBatchSizeLikeOpKernel<paddle::platform::GPUPlace, double>,
+    ops::FillConstantBatchSizeLikeOpKernel<paddle::platform::GPUPlace, int>,
+    ops::FillConstantBatchSizeLikeOpKernel<paddle::platform::GPUPlace,
+                                           int64_t>);

paddle/operators/fill_zeros_like_op.cc

@@ -54,5 +54,8 @@ namespace ops = paddle::operators;
 REGISTER_OP_WITHOUT_GRADIENT(fill_zeros_like, ops::FillZerosLikeOp,
                              ops::FillZerosLikeOpMaker);
 REGISTER_OP_CPU_KERNEL(
-    fill_zeros_like,
+    fill_zeros_like, ops::FillZerosLikeKernel<paddle::platform::CPUPlace, int>,
-    ops::FillZerosLikeKernel<paddle::platform::CPUPlace, float>);
+    ops::FillZerosLikeKernel<paddle::platform::CPUPlace, int64_t>,
+    ops::FillZerosLikeKernel<paddle::platform::CPUPlace, float>,
+    ops::FillZerosLikeKernel<paddle::platform::CPUPlace, double>,
+    ops::FillZerosLikeKernel<paddle::platform::CPUPlace, bool>);

paddle/operators/fill_zeros_like_op.cu.cc

@@ -17,5 +17,8 @@
 
 namespace ops = paddle::operators;
 REGISTER_OP_GPU_KERNEL(
-    fill_zeros_like,
+    fill_zeros_like, ops::FillZerosLikeKernel<paddle::platform::GPUPlace, int>,
-    ops::FillZerosLikeKernel<paddle::platform::GPUPlace, float>);
+    ops::FillZerosLikeKernel<paddle::platform::GPUPlace, int64_t>,
+    ops::FillZerosLikeKernel<paddle::platform::GPUPlace, float>,
+    ops::FillZerosLikeKernel<paddle::platform::GPUPlace, double>,
+    ops::FillZerosLikeKernel<paddle::platform::GPUPlace, bool>);

paddle/operators/math/math_function.cc

@@ -250,6 +250,8 @@ void axpy<platform::CPUPlace, double>(const platform::DeviceContext& context,
 template struct SetConstant<platform::CPUPlace, float>;
 template struct SetConstant<platform::CPUPlace, double>;
 template struct SetConstant<platform::CPUPlace, int>;
+template struct SetConstant<platform::CPUPlace, int64_t>;
+template struct SetConstant<platform::CPUPlace, bool>;
 
 #define DEFINE_CPU_TRANS(RANK)                                \
   template struct Transpose<platform::CPUPlace, float, RANK>; \

paddle/operators/math/math_function.cu

@@ -256,6 +256,8 @@ void axpy<platform::GPUPlace, double>(const platform::DeviceContext& context,
 template struct SetConstant<platform::GPUPlace, float>;
 template struct SetConstant<platform::GPUPlace, double>;
 template struct SetConstant<platform::GPUPlace, int>;
+template struct SetConstant<platform::GPUPlace, int64_t>;
+template struct SetConstant<platform::GPUPlace, bool>;
 
 #define DEFINE_GPU_TRANS(RANK)                                \
   template struct Transpose<platform::GPUPlace, float, RANK>; \

paddle/operators/sum_op.cc

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ limitations under the License. */
 #include "paddle/operators/sum_op.h"
 #include <vector>
 #include "paddle/framework/var_type_inference.h"
+#include "paddle/operators/detail/safe_ref.h"
 
 namespace paddle {
 namespace operators {
@@ -59,7 +60,8 @@ class SumOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
               x_vars[0]->Get<framework::SelectedRows>().value().type()),
           ctx.device_context());
     } else if (x_vars[0]->IsType<framework::LoDTensorArray>()) {
-      auto& array = x_vars[0]->Get<framework::LoDTensorArray>();
+      for (auto& x_var : x_vars) {
+        auto& array = x_var->Get<framework::LoDTensorArray>();
         for (auto& each : array) {
           if (each.numel() != 0) {
             return framework::OpKernelType(framework::ToDataType(each.type()),
@@ -67,6 +69,8 @@ class SumOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
           }
         }
       }
+      PADDLE_THROW("Cannot find the input data type by all input data");
+    }
     PADDLE_THROW("Unexpected branch. Input type is %s",
                  x_vars[0]->Type().name());
   }
@@ -96,6 +100,11 @@ class SumOpVarTypeInference : public framework::VarTypeInference {
     auto& inputs = op_desc.Input("X");
     auto var_type = framework::VarDesc::SELECTED_ROWS;
 
+    for (auto& name : op_desc.Input("X")) {
+      VLOG(10) << name << " "
+               << block->FindRecursiveOrCreateVar(name)->GetType();
+    }
+
     bool any_input_is_lod_tensor = std::any_of(
         inputs.begin(), inputs.end(), [block](const std::string& name) {
           return block->FindRecursiveOrCreateVar(name)->GetType() ==
@@ -103,7 +112,7 @@ class SumOpVarTypeInference : public framework::VarTypeInference {
         });
 
     auto is_tensor_array = [block](const std::string& name) {
-      return block->FindRecursiveOrCreateVar(name)->GetType() ==
+      return detail::Ref(block->FindRecursiveOrCreateVar(name)).GetType() ==
              framework::VarDesc::LOD_TENSOR_ARRAY;
     };
 
@@ -113,14 +122,26 @@ class SumOpVarTypeInference : public framework::VarTypeInference {
         std::all_of(inputs.begin(), inputs.end(), is_tensor_array);
 
     if (any_input_is_tensor_array) {
-      PADDLE_ENFORCE(all_inputs_are_tensor_array);
+      if (!all_inputs_are_tensor_array) {
+        std::ostringstream os;
+        for (auto& each : inputs) {
+          os << "    " << each << " type is "
+             << detail::Ref(block->FindRecursiveOrCreateVar(each)).GetType()
+             << "\n";
+        }
+        PADDLE_ENFORCE(all_inputs_are_tensor_array,
+                       "Not all inputs are tensor array:\n%s", os.str());
+      }
       var_type = framework::VarDesc::LOD_TENSOR_ARRAY;
     } else if (any_input_is_lod_tensor) {
       var_type = framework::VarDesc::LOD_TENSOR;
     }
 
     auto out_var_name = op_desc.Output("Out").front();
-    block->FindRecursiveOrCreateVar(out_var_name)->SetType(var_type);
+    auto& out_var = detail::Ref(block->FindRecursiveOrCreateVar(out_var_name));
+    out_var.SetType(var_type);
+    auto& in_var = detail::Ref(block->FindVarRecursive(inputs.front()));
+    out_var.SetDataType(in_var.GetDataType());
   }
 };
 

paddle/operators/tensor_array_read_write_op.cc

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
    limitations under the License. */
 #include "paddle/operators/array_operator.h"
-
+#include "paddle/operators/detail/safe_ref.h"
 namespace paddle {
 namespace operators {
 
@@ -33,6 +33,8 @@ class WriteToArrayOp : public ArrayOp {
     auto *out =
         scope.FindVar(Output("Out"))->GetMutable<framework::LoDTensorArray>();
     if (offset >= out->size()) {
+      VLOG(10) << "Resize " << Output("Out") << " from " << out->size()
+               << " to " << offset + 1;
       out->resize(offset + 1);
     }
     auto *out_tensor = &out->at(offset);
@@ -85,11 +87,15 @@ class WriteToArrayInferVarType : public framework::VarTypeInference {
  public:
   void operator()(const framework::OpDescBind &op_desc,
                   framework::BlockDescBind *block) const override {
-    for (auto &out_var : op_desc.OutputArgumentNames()) {
+    auto x_name = op_desc.Input("X")[0];
-      VLOG(10) << "Set Variable " << out_var << " as LOD_TENSOR_ARRAY";
+    auto out_name = op_desc.Output("Out")[0];
-      block->FindRecursiveOrCreateVar(out_var)->SetType(
+    VLOG(10) << "Set Variable " << out_name << " as LOD_TENSOR_ARRAY";
-          framework::VarDesc::LOD_TENSOR_ARRAY);
+    auto &out = detail::Ref(block->FindRecursiveOrCreateVar(out_name),
-    }
+                            "Cannot found %s", out_name);
+    out.SetType(framework::VarDesc::LOD_TENSOR_ARRAY);
+    auto &x =
+        detail::Ref(block->FindVarRecursive(x_name), "Cannot found %s", x_name);
+    out.SetDataType(x.GetDataType());
   }
 };
 
@@ -107,11 +113,11 @@ class ReadFromArrayOp : public ArrayOp {
     auto &x_array = x->Get<framework::LoDTensorArray>();
     auto *out = scope.FindVar(Output("Out"));
     PADDLE_ENFORCE(out != nullptr, "Out must be set");
-    auto *out_tesnor = out->GetMutable<framework::LoDTensor>();
+    auto *out_tensor = out->GetMutable<framework::LoDTensor>();
     size_t offset = GetOffset(scope, dev_ctx);
     PADDLE_ENFORCE_LT(offset, x_array.size());
-    out_tesnor->CopyFrom(x_array[offset], dev_ctx.GetPlace(), dev_ctx);
+    out_tensor->CopyFrom(x_array[offset], dev_ctx.GetPlace(), dev_ctx);
-    out_tesnor->set_lod(x_array[offset].lod());
+    out_tensor->set_lod(x_array[offset].lod());
   }
 };
 

python/paddle/v2/fluid/framework.py

@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@ def unique_name(prefix):
     return "_".join([prefix, str(uid)])
 
 
-def _debug_string_(proto):
+def _debug_string_(proto, throw_on_error=True):
     error_fields = list()
-    if not proto.IsInitialized(error_fields):
+    if not proto.IsInitialized(error_fields) and throw_on_error:
         raise ValueError("{0} are not initialized\nThe message is {1}".format(
             error_fields, proto))
     return proto.__str__()
@@ -101,9 +101,12 @@ class Variable(object):
         self.stop_gradient = stop_gradient
 
     def __str__(self):
+        return self.to_string(True)
+
+    def to_string(self, throw_on_error):
         protostr = self.desc.serialize_to_string()
         proto = framework_pb2.VarDesc.FromString(str(protostr))
-        return _debug_string_(proto)
+        return _debug_string_(proto, throw_on_error)
 
     __repr__ = __str__
 
@@ -291,10 +294,13 @@ class Operator(object):
             self.desc.infer_var_type(self.block.desc)
             self.desc.infer_shape(self.block.desc)
 
-    def __str__(self):
+    def to_string(self, throw_on_error):
         protostr = self.desc.serialize_to_string()
         proto = framework_pb2.OpDesc.FromString(str(protostr))
-        return _debug_string_(proto)
+        return _debug_string_(proto, throw_on_error)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self.to_string(True)
 
     __repr__ = __str__
 
@@ -349,9 +355,12 @@ class Block(object):
         self.program = program
 
     def __str__(self):
+        return self.to_string(True)
+
+    def to_string(self, throw_on_error):
         protostr = self.desc.serialize_to_string()
         proto = framework_pb2.BlockDesc.FromString(str(protostr))
-        return _debug_string_(proto)
+        return _debug_string_(proto, throw_on_error)
 
     __repr__ = __str__
 
@@ -454,9 +463,12 @@ class Program(object):
         self.current_block_idx = 0
 
     def __str__(self):
+        return self.to_string(True)
+
+    def to_string(self, throw_on_error):
         protostr = self.desc.serialize_to_string()
         proto = framework_pb2.ProgramDesc.FromString(str(protostr))
-        return _debug_string_(proto)
+        return _debug_string_(proto, throw_on_error)
 
     def clone(self):
         p = Program()
@@ -512,7 +524,14 @@ class Program(object):
         assert isinstance(target, Variable)
         if no_grad_set is None:
             no_grad_set = set()
-        param_to_grad_info = self.desc.append_backward(target.desc, no_grad_set)
+        try:
+            param_to_grad_info = self.desc.append_backward(target.desc,
+                                                           no_grad_set)
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise core.EnforceNotMet(
+                str(e) + "\nCurrent protobuf is\n{0}".format(
+                    self.to_string(False)))
+
         self.sync_with_cpp()
         return param_to_grad_info
 

python/paddle/v2/fluid/net_drawer.py

@@ -66,10 +66,13 @@ def parse_graph(program, graph, var_dict, **kwargs):
             if not var_dict.has_key(var):
                 var_dict[var] = "Feed"
 
+    temp_id = 0
     proto = framework_pb2.ProgramDesc.FromString(
         program.desc.serialize_to_string())
     for block in proto.blocks:
         for op in block.ops:
+            op.type = op.type + "_" + str(temp_id)
+            temp_id += 1
             graph.node(**draw_node(op))
             for o in op.outputs:
                 for arg in o.arguments:
@@ -78,6 +81,7 @@ def parse_graph(program, graph, var_dict, **kwargs):
                 for arg in e.arguments:
                     if var_dict.has_key(arg):
                         graph.edge(**draw_edge(var_dict, op, e, arg))
+        break  # only plot the first block
 
 
 def draw_graph(startup_program, main_program, **kwargs):

python/paddle/v2/fluid/tests/test_while_op.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import unittest
 import paddle.v2.fluid.layers as layers
 from paddle.v2.fluid.executor import Executor
 import paddle.v2.fluid.core as core
+from paddle.v2.fluid.backward import append_backward_ops
 import numpy
 
 
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ class TestWhileOp(unittest.TestCase):
         i = layers.zeros(shape=[1], dtype='int64')
         i.stop_gradient = True
         init = layers.zeros(shape=[10], dtype='float32')
-        mem_array = layers.array_write(init, i=i)
+        mem_array = layers.array_write(x=init, i=i)
         data_array = layers.array_write(x=d0, i=i)
 
         i = layers.increment(i)
@@ -29,17 +30,23 @@ class TestWhileOp(unittest.TestCase):
         i.stop_gradient = True
 
         array_len = layers.fill_constant(shape=[1], dtype='int64', value=3)
+        array_len.stop_gradient = True
         cond = layers.less_than(x=i, y=array_len)
 
         while_op = layers.While(cond=cond)
         with while_op.block():
             d = layers.array_read(array=data_array, i=i)
             prev = layers.array_read(array=mem_array, i=i)
-            i = layers.increment(x=i, in_place=True)
             result = layers.sums(input=[d, prev])
+
+            i = layers.increment(x=i, in_place=True)
             layers.array_write(result, i=i, array=mem_array)
             layers.less_than(x=i, y=array_len, cond=cond)
-        sum_result = layers.array_read(mem_array, i=array_len)
+
+        sum_result = layers.array_read(array=mem_array, i=i)
+        loss = layers.mean(x=sum_result)
+
+        append_backward_ops(loss)
 
         cpu = core.CPUPlace()
         exe = Executor(cpu)